Introductory Topics in Middle East and North African Studies (290-6-1)
Topic
Tomb Robbers, Smugglers, and Millionaires: Looting
Instructors
Oya Topcuoglu
847/491-2402
Crowe 4-121
Meeting Info
555 Clark 230: Mon, Wed 2:00PM - 3:20PM
Overview of class
Course title: Tomb Robbers, Smugglers, and Millionaires: Looting and Trafficking of Antiquities in the Middle East
Often referred to as the cradle of civilization, the Middle East is home to some of the world's earliest civilizations, whose physical remains provide invaluable insights into the development of human societies. However, this rich cultural heritage is constantly threatened by looting and illicit trafficking, especially during times of political and economic instability. Looting devastates cultural heritage, erasing invaluable historical records on humanity's shared history and depriving communities of their cultural identity.
In this course, we will explore the complex and multifaceted issue of looting and trafficking of antiquities in the Middle East. We will survey the rich archaeological heritage of the region and the historical significance of its antiquities as well as the history of looting and destruction of cultural material since antiquity. We will examine the historical, cultural, and economic factors that contribute to the illicit trade of cultural heritage, including poverty, conflict, and the demand for antiquities in the global market. We will consider the organized criminal networks involved in the trafficking of antiquities, from local looters to international dealers. We will investigate specific instances of looting and trafficking in countries such as Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Egypt, and the efforts to recover stolen artifacts. Finally, we will discuss international laws, conventions, and ethical considerations related to the protection of cultural heritage. Through lectures, guest speakers, readings, and discussions, we will gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and complexities involved in protecting cultural heritage in the Middle East. The course includes an optional field trip to the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (ISAC) Museum at the University of Chicago to experience artifacts from the ancient Middle East firsthand.
Learning Objectives
1. Observe the history, forms and patterns of looting and trafficking of cultural heritage in the Middle East, identifying key actors and affected regions. Students will develop these skills in class, in written work, and through direct engagement with individual case studies. Students will learn to contextualize these case studies within the larger historical, political and economic developments in the ancient, early modern and modern Middle East.
2. Interpret the historical and modern drivers behind the looting and trafficking of cultural heritage in the Middle East, and the impact of these practices on archaeological sites, scientific knowledge production, and local communities.
3. Reflect on the ethical, legal, and social implications of antiquities trafficking and ownership of cultural heritage, considering diverse perspectives and stakeholder interests, including local communities, looters, dealers, collectors, museums and law enforcement.
4. Express accurately, clearly, and persuasively informed opinions and arguments on what drives looting and illegal trade of cultural heritage, and what can be done to combat these practices, through critical evaluation of primary sources and published scholarly work, written and oral presentations.
Class Materials (Suggested)
All materials will be provided on Canvas.
Class Attributes
Literature and Arts Foundational Discipline
Literature & Fine Arts Distro Area